（guodulinyehecaoyuanjudangjuwang）zhongguodani，fushuyuliangqigangyouweimuyinsainikedanishu，shiwoguodeteyouzhong，sucheng“wawayu”。yuhuashijishibinifaming，1.6yinianlaitamendeshencaibujubujiaozhedebiangeng，shiyibeichengwei“huohuashi”。

zhongguodanizaihaishuishengtaitixizhongbiaoyanzhedingjibushizhedejiaose，chuyushipinliandedingduan，duishengtaitixiyouzhezishangerxiadeshouyaoyingxiang，baochizheshengtaitixidebubianyujunheng。

zhongguodanideyanhujinkuang

zhongguodanishiguoduerjiyanhuzhiwu，1995nianbeicanjia《binweiyehuopozhiwuzhongguojishangyetiaoyue》fului，1998nianbei《zhongguobinweizhiwuhongpishu》lieweijiweiwuzhong，2016nianbei《zhongguojizhuizhiwubaiseminglu》lieweijiweiwuzhong。shiyi，zhongguodanishiliangqileiyanhudeqijianwuzhong。

cong1978niandingxinkaifangdao1999nianjian，danitianyezhongquncengpubiansanbuyuwoguohuanghe、zhangjiang、zhujiangliuyudezhongyou、xialiudiyujiqizhuliudehaishuishengtaitixizhong，yeyoujubuzhongqunsanbuyuzhujiang、zhangjiangliuyuzhongxialiu，bianbuwoguozhongbu、nanbuhedongbeideng17gesheng(qu、shi)，gong205gexianshi，qisanbudexianyumianjida52wanduopingfangqianmi。erzai2000niandao2019nianjian，danitianyezhongqundesanbuxianshiyanxujiangluo，jinsheng38ge，qisanbudexianyumianjiyebushijiangluo，weiyi8wanduopingfangqianmi。

zaihenzhangyiduanshihounei，zheixiepubiansanbudedanibeiyiweishiyigewuzhong。danzi2018nianyilai，duopianwenxianbiaomingzhongguodanigediyuzhongqunjiancunzaijiaozhedeyichuanfenjie，nenggoujuduogeyincunzhonghuoyouyongzhong，bingchangyitongchengweidanishuwuzhong。

anzhaodanishuwuzhongsanbudiyuteselaikan，yeshengdanideqishendiduoweiyuhexidexialiu，putongsanbuyupendibianyuandeshanqu，lianganshantijiaogao，bingjubeijiaoduodeshendonganliu。qiqishendisizhouzhibeilonggaidudoujiaogao，hemianzhai、shuishenjiaodi、hechuangshashiduo，heshuizhongnianqingliang，shuizhikuanghuagao，shuiwendebiangengguimozai5℃-25℃。danibaocundehuanjingshidugaoyu80%，yinweigaoshidudehuanjingqiantiyouyiyudanidechengzhangfayu。

gaiwuzhongxihaoshuitiliusujiaohuan、jiejing、shipinzibenfengshuo（shouyaoweixixie、yuxiadeng）qiexiaorongyanghanliangjiaogaodeshuitihuanjing，duishuitisuanjiandubinimingan。qiqishendishuitidesuanjianduzai6.50-8.63zhijian，zongyingduzai120-174haoke/shengzhijian。

jiuzhongqunmidulaikan，1978-1999nianjian，gesanbuquzhongdanidezhongqunmidugenjidoudayumeiqianmi50wei。danzai2000-2019nianjian，danitianyezhongqundemiduyanxujiangluo，cikedajubuyoudanisanbudeyanhuquneiqizhongqunmidudouzaimeiqianmi1weiyixia，weiyiduoshuyanhuquneidedanijubeijiaogaodezhongqunmidu（ruhenanshangcheng、zhejiangyeman、guangdongliannan、guangdongheyuandengdi）。

jiuqishendizhuangkuanglaikan，1978-1999nianjian，danideqishendifensuibingbutaiyanjun，gebiedeshuidianjucuocuoshijianshehejiaoqingxideshuitijinghuanenggouduiqibaocungouchenglebirandeyingxiang。danzai2000-2019nianjian，genzhedaniqishendineishuidianjucuocuoshijianshedejisuzengtian，gouchengleqiqishendipoliehua，zuduanleqiqianxitongdao。tongshi，genzheshuitijinghuadejiazhong（ruwasha、hukouzhazijiwushuipaifang、nongyaojihuafeicanliudeng），jubuqishendishuitihuanjingyibuzaiheshidanidebaocunhezisheng。

congdanidezhongqunjingtaiquxianglaikan，1978-1999nianjian，yinweishichangxuyaodezengtian，danishoumaijiaqianjiangdi，zhishidanizhongqunzibenjijujiangluo。zai2000-2019nianjian，woguojingyouguochengchenglitianranyanhuqubingduidanitingzhilexiangganlifayanhu，dingligenjuetouliedaobushiwudechansheng。tongshi，genzhedanizibendeyanxujiangluohedaniyeshengzishengjishudechengshu，tianyefangliuqitouzuoweidanitianyezhongqunjisuguifudeshouyaoshouwan。chugeshizai2010nianjinhou，danidetianyefangliuguimobushikuozhan。gurantianyefangliuduidanitianyezhongqundeguifuqidaobirandezhudongganhua，danquantichengguobingbujiaozhe，jinzaigebieyanhuquzhonggouchenglebiranguimodefangliuzhongqun。

daniyanhuchengguorengdaizengqiang

1978-1999nianjian，woguoduidanideyanhubulvyouxian，suiranshelile24gedanitianranyanhuqu，danduidapicunzaidedaoliedaobudengshoufaxingdongdechongjilidubugou，duidaniyanhudexuanyanglidubugou，zhishidaniyanhuchengguojiaodi，danizhongqunshumujiangluojiaozhe。2000-2019nianjian，genzhefalvliduheduidaniyanhuxuanyanglidudejiada，hedanitianranyanhuqudejinyibuzengtian（23ge，cizhonghanguodujitianranyanhuqu2ge），zaijiashangdaniqishendiyanhuhezengzhifangliugoudangdezhankai，woguoduidanideyanhuhuodelebirandechengguo，mouxieyanhuquzhongdedanizhongqunyousuoguifu。dancongtianxiaguimolaikan，chengguobingbujiaozhe，haixuchixutuidongxiangganyanhurenwu。

xiangxilaijiang，tingzhi2015nian，woguoyichengliyidaniweishouyaoyanhugongjuhuoyudanixianggandetianranyanhuqu47ge，zheixieyanhuqudaduosanbuzaidanideyuanchanqu。tongshi，woguoyechenglileyixiefeiyuanshengdidaniyanhuqu，zuoweiqiandizhongqunyanhudezhongzhizibenzhucunku。danduizhaodaniyihousanbudianhe47geyanhuqujueduidiweishi，yihoudedanisanbuquweiyiyue21%zaiyanhuqunei，biaomingdanihaicunzaixiangchengdadeyanhukongbai。

zengzhifangliuyeshiyanhuyeshengzhiwuzibenheshengwuduoyangxingdeyouyongfangshi。zi2002nianyilai，woguoweileguifuheyanhudanizhongqunshumu，gediyutingzhilebiranguimodedaniyeshengzengzhifangliu。jinchao，zhongguodanifangliushumuleijikuayue27wanwei，fangliudesheng（qu、shi）gongyou16ge，baohananhui、fujian、gansu、guangdong、guangxi、guizhou、henan、hubei、hunan、jiangxi、shanxi、sichuan、yunnan、zhejiang、zhongqinghebeijing。cizhongshanxishengfangliushumuzuiduo，beijingshifangliushumuqima。fangliushumudequxiangchengxianzenghoujian，2016nianfangliuzuiduo，gaoda6wanwei。danjiuyanhuchengguolaikan，dajubuyanhuqudeyanhuchengguobingbujiaozhe，zengzhifangliudechenghuolvyejiaodi。tianxiajinzaijubuyanhuquneifaminglejiaodaguimodedanizhongqun，shouyaoyouhenanshangcheng、zhejiangyeman、guangdongliannanheguangdongheyuandengdi。gebieyanhuquneihaicunzaiguofenyoulankaipi（piaoliudengmingmu），yanjunyingxiangdanidebaocunhuanjing。tongshi，yinweibuqingchufangguigebiedeyichuanbeijing，chengxianlejubuyanhuqudefangguigebiebushilaiyuanyubendiyichuanzhixidehuanjing。zheibuzhijibendizhongqundailaileyichuanjinghua，hainenggouyinyafuxingshumushangfengyubendizhongqunchengxianhezuo，congerjiazhongyuanshengxiaozhongqunmiejindeweixian。

danijianglaiyantaoheyanhubiaodemude

danishiliangqileideshouyaoqijianwuzhong，danduiyudanideshengtaixuehexinlixuedeshenqieyantaohaibinikuifa。bifang，zanmendetianyechaxunbaifangfaming，zai17℃-22℃dewenduguimonei，danidesanbuhegoudangyuwenduchengfuxiangganganxi。danipianxiangyujiaogaowenduhuanjingdeshengtaixueyuanyoushishenme？qixinlixueshanghuyingdefenzijizhihedaixiehuyingshishenme？zheidoushizhidezanmenjinyibuyantaoderenwu，yibianweidaniyanhugongjigengjiafengshuodegenbencailiao。

zaiyanhujihuafangmian，changyijiadafalvhexuanyanglidu，jinyibuxuejianrenleiduiyeshengdanizibendefensui。zhenduiyixieyanhuqubanlibudaoweidehuanjing，changyiduijin10nianlaijingyouguochengbiaozhunchaxunbaifangfafamingdanideyanhuqujiadatouruhejixilidu。zhenduirenleigoudangdeyingxiang，changyizaixianyoudanizhongqunshumujiaoduodeyanhuqu（chugeshijiaodianqu）neiquxiaotongtongyoulangoudang，bingyankuzhizhiwasha、wangyudengxingdong。zhenduitianqibiangengnenggouduidanigouchengdeyingxiang，changyianzhaowuzhongsanbumozichengguobianrenyanhukongbai，diaojiyanhuqudeng。zaibanliduicefangmian，changyizai《zhongguobinweizhiwuhongpishu》《zhongguojizhuizhiwubaiseminglu》dengzhongchixubaochidanixianyoude“jiwei”zhuangkuang。

lingwai，duidanidefangguihejixitichuyixieduicehechangyi: yishizengzhuangdanizibenbanli，gedaniyangzhichangyingchengliqingchudeyichuanzibentupu；ershibiaozhunzengzhifangliufashi，zhankaizhongguodanidezengzhifangliuqian，wubimingbaiqiyichuanbeijing，shishijiujinfangliu；sanshizengqiangzengzhifangliudeqishendipingjia，zengjinyichuanzibendeyanhuheyeshengdanizhongqundeguifu；sishizengqiangzhongguodanitianyezhongqunjiance，jienae-dnadengjishumoqingxianyouzhongguodanisanbuqu，jinerkexuezhidianzengzhifangliu。

zuichu，jianyudanicunzaiduogeyichuandanweidehuanjing，changyidanideyanhuyigeyichuandanweiweidanwei，moqinggedidedanixiangxishuyunageyichuandanwei，erhouzaizhankaihuyingdeyanhugoudang,ruqiandiyanhu、zhongqunfuzhuangheyeshengzengzhifangliudeng。

zuozhejianjie

jiangjianping  zhongguoyeshengzhiwuyanhuxiehuikexuejishuweiyuanhuifuzhurenweiyuan、zhongkeyuanchengdoushengwusuoyantaoyuan

xie  feng  zhongguoyeshengzhiwuyanhuxiehuikexuejishuweiyuanhuiweiyuan、zhongkeyuanchengdoushengwusuoyantaoyuan

li  cheng  zhongkeyuanchengdoushengwusuofuyantaoyuan

zhao  tian  zhongkeyuanchengdoushengwusuozhuliyantaoyuan